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The Treaty That Never Entered Into Force
There is no US-Russia BIT in force and Russia never ratified the ICSID Convention. Exxon's Sakhalin-1 claim shows what is left when the treaty layer is simply absent.
Aişe Gül Akkoyun
Sep 26, 2025


When Criminal Proceedings Become a Treaty Question
Shell has signalled a treaty claim against Bolivia over an annulled award and criminal proceedings. Why the forum question comes first, and why Bolivia is a hard respondent.
Aişe Gül Akkoyun
Aug 26, 2025
Legal developments, read as data
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