Jupiter Lithium v. Nigeria sits in a small but fast-growing category: UNCTAD records just 51 ISDS cases on energy-transition minerals since 1987, six of them in 2024 alone.

Greenland gets its own FDI screening law just as the EU moves to tighten its own — over the same critical minerals. Background Greenland's own investment-screening regime, announced as part of its Foreign, Security, and Defense Strategy for 2024–2033, entered into force on 1 January 2026, covering eight sensitive industries including raw materials. Almost simultaneously, the European Union has been working through a review of its own FDI screening regulation that is expected