There is no US-Russia BIT in force and Russia never ratified the ICSID Convention. Exxon's Sakhalin-1 claim shows what is left when the treaty layer is simply absent.

Orsted is majority State-owned and lost a nearly complete wind project to a regulatory order. Whether such an investor can even reach ICSID is an unsettled question.

Shell has signalled a treaty claim against Bolivia over an annulled award and criminal proceedings. Why the forum question comes first, and why Bolivia is a hard respondent.